Semaglutide
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist
Semaglutide is a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist that mimics natural incretin hormones to regulate blood glucose and promote weight loss. Available as FDA-approved Ozempic® for Type 2 diabetes, Wegovy® for chronic weight management, and Rybelsus® as the first oral GLP-1 medication. Clinical trials demonstrate exceptional efficacy with 14.9% average weight loss and 26% reduction in major cardiovascular events.
Complete Research Database
Dual Receptor Mechanism (GIP/GLP-1)
GLP-1 Receptor Pathway
- •Increases insulin secretion (glucose-dependent)
- •Suppresses glucagon release
- •Slows gastric emptying
- •Enhances satiety in hypothalamus
- •Preserves beta-cell function
GIP Receptor Pathway
- •Enhances insulin secretion (stronger than GLP-1)
- •Promotes fat oxidation
- •Improves insulin sensitivity in muscle
- •Reduces hepatic glucose production
- •Modulates adipose tissue metabolism
Why Dual Agonism is Superior
Semaglutide is a long-acting GLP-1 receptor agonist that binds specifically to GLP-1 receptors throughout the body, with highest density in pancreatic beta cells, brain (hypothalamus and brainstem), and gastrointestinal tract. Upon binding, it activates adenylyl cyclase leading to increased intracellular cAMP levels. In pancreatic beta cells, this results in glucose-dependent insulin secretion - insulin is only released when glucose levels are elevated, reducing hypoglycemia risk. Simultaneously, it suppresses inappropriate glucagon secretion from alpha cells. In the central nervous system, GLP-1 receptor activation in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus and brainstem reduces food intake through enhanced satiety signaling. Gastric emptying is delayed through direct GLP-1 receptor activation in the gastric fundus and pylorus, contributing to prolonged satiety and improved postprandial glucose control.
Pharmacokinetic Profile
Top 10 High-Quality Research Articles
Once-Weekly Semaglutide in Adults with Overweight or Obesity
ReadSemaglutide and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
ReadSemaglutide and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Obesity without Type 2 Diabetes
ReadEfficacy and Safety of Oral Semaglutide Versus Placebo in Type 2 Diabetes
ReadWeekly Semaglutide in Adolescents with Obesity
ReadMedical Disclaimer
Semaglutide is FDA-approved as Ozempic® for Type 2 diabetes, Wegovy® for chronic weight management, and Rybelsus® as oral GLP-1 therapy. This information is for educational purposes and should not replace consultation with healthcare providers. Individual results may vary. Prescribing information and medical supervision are required for all therapeutic uses.