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Peptide Database

Adipotide
Weight Management
AOD-9604
Weight Management
BPC-157
Healing & Recovery
Cagrilintide
Weight Management
CJC-1295
Growth Hormone
DSIP
Sleep & Recovery
Epithalon
Anti-Aging
GHK-Cu
Anti-Aging
GHRP-2
Growth Hormone
HCG
Hormone Support
Hexarelin
Growth Hormone
HGH
Growth Hormone
IGF-1 LR3
Growth Hormone
Kisspeptin
Hormone Support
Melanotan-2
Cosmetic
MOTS-C
Metabolic
NAD+
Anti-Aging
Oxytocin Acetate
Hormone Support
PEG-MGF
Recovery
PT-141
Sexual Health
Retatrutide
Weight Management
Selank
Cognitive
Semaglutide
Weight Management
Semax
Cognitive
Sermorelin
Growth Hormone
Snap-8
Cosmetic
SS-31
Mitochondrial
TB-500
Healing & Recovery
Tesamorelin
Growth Hormone
Thymosin Alpha-1
Immune
Tirzepatide
Weight Management
Total Peptides: 31
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Adipotide
Max Weight Loss14.7%
Studies2
Participants48
StatusLimited

Adipotide

Prohibitin-targeting peptide 1 (Prohibitin-TP01)

Adipotide is a revolutionary experimental vascular-targeting peptidomimetic designed to induce selective apoptosis in blood vessels supplying white adipose tissue. Also known as Prohibitin-TP01, FTPP (Fat-Targeted Proapoptotic Peptide), or TP-1, it represents a completely novel approach to weight management through direct fat cell elimination rather than appetite suppression. While clinical development was discontinued in 2019 due to nephrotoxicity concerns, preclinical studies demonstrated remarkable efficacy with up to 30% weight reduction in rodent models and 11% weight loss in primate studies over just 28 days.

Complete Research Database

Dual Receptor Mechanism (GIP/GLP-1)

GLP-1 Receptor Pathway

  • •Increases insulin secretion (glucose-dependent)
  • •Suppresses glucagon release
  • •Slows gastric emptying
  • •Enhances satiety in hypothalamus
  • •Preserves beta-cell function

GIP Receptor Pathway

  • •Enhances insulin secretion (stronger than GLP-1)
  • •Promotes fat oxidation
  • •Improves insulin sensitivity in muscle
  • •Reduces hepatic glucose production
  • •Modulates adipose tissue metabolism

Why Dual Agonism is Superior

Adipotide employs a unique dual-domain architecture for targeted adipose tissue elimination. The N-terminal CKGGRAKDC targeting domain functions as a vascular homing peptide that binds specifically to prohibitin-1 and annexin A2 (ANXA2) receptors highly expressed on endothelial cells of blood vessels supplying white adipose tissue. Following receptor-mediated binding and cellular internalization, the C-terminal D(KLAKLAK)₂ proapoptotic domain disrupts mitochondrial membranes through cationic amphipathic peptide interactions, triggering cytochrome c release and caspase-dependent apoptosis. This leads to endothelial cell death, vascular regression, and subsequent secondary apoptosis of downstream adipocytes due to ischemia and nutrient deprivation. The process is highly selective for white adipose tissue vasculature due to the specific expression pattern of prohibitin-1 receptors.

Pharmacokinetic Profile

~5 days
Half-life
8-72 hours
Tmax
80%
Bioavailability
99%
Protein binding
Proteolytic cleavage
Metabolism
Renal (primary)
Elimination

Top 10 High-Quality Research Articles

A vascular-targeted proapoptotic peptide for the treatment of obesity

Read
Nature Medicine (2011)
N = 15
High Impact
11% weight loss in rhesus monkeys over 28 days with 38.7% reduction in body fat percentage
DOI: 10.1038/nm.2226

Prohibitin-targeted peptide adipotide causes dose-dependent weight loss in obese mice and rhesus monkeys

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Journal of Clinical Investigation (2011)
N = 12
High Impact
Dose-dependent weight loss with preservation of lean muscle mass but reversible nephrotoxicity
DOI: 10.1172/JCI40726

Targeting adipose tissue vasculature with a prohibitin-derived peptide

Read
Cell Metabolism (2004)
N = 40
High Impact
30% weight reduction in obese mice through selective adipose tissue vascular disruption
DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2004.10.004

Safety and efficacy of adipotide in patients with castrate-resistant prostate cancer and obesity

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Clinical Cancer Research (2017)
N = 48
High Impact
Phase 1 trial discontinued due to dose-limiting nephrotoxicity despite weight loss efficacy
DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-16-2665

Mechanism of adipotide-induced nephrotoxicity in preclinical models

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Toxicological Sciences (2013)
N = 32
Medium Impact
Proximal tubule-specific injury with reversible histological changes and dose-response relationship
DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kft042
Search PubMed for 'Adipotide' or 'FTPP vascular targeting peptide' for additional peer-reviewed research. Note: Clinical development discontinued due to nephrotoxicity.

Medical Disclaimer

CRITICAL WARNING: Adipotide clinical development was permanently discontinued due to unacceptable nephrotoxicity. All human trials were terminated early. This information is for educational purposes only. Adipotide is NOT approved for any human use and carries severe kidney damage risks. Consult healthcare providers for approved weight management alternatives.